Proper Posture and Breathing Techniques in Seon Meditation

Proper Posture in Seon Meditation

For those who are new to Korean Seon meditation, proper posture and breathing are essential foundations. These physical techniques are not merely formalities; they shape the mental environment in which true insight arises. In Seon, posture and breath act as gateways to calming the mind and focusing awareness in the present moment. This article introduces the core principles of how to sit and breathe properly, as practiced in traditional Korean Buddhist temples.

The Importance of Posture

Seon meditation traditionally begins with adjusting one’s posture. Practitioners are encouraged to sit in the full lotus (결가부좌) or half lotus (반가부좌) position on a meditation cushion. The spine remains upright but relaxed, and the hands rest in the lap in the "cosmic mudra"—right hand over the left, thumbs lightly touching.

The head should be slightly tilted downward, the eyes gently open (not closed), gazing naturally toward the floor about one meter ahead. This posture helps maintain wakefulness while encouraging inner stillness.

Breathing: Natural and Mindful

Breathing in Seon meditation is not forced or manipulated. Practitioners simply observe the breath as it flows in and out through the nose. The awareness gently follows the breath, anchoring the mind in the present.

Some monks recommend counting the breaths (수식관), beginning with “one” on the inhale, “two” on the exhale, up to ten—and then restarting. This helps reduce distractions for beginners. Eventually, even this counting is dropped in favor of silent observation.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

• Do not lean forward or backward—this creates tension or drowsiness.
• Do not control the breath unnaturally—allow it to remain gentle and rhythmic.
• Let go of expectations—progress comes from consistency, not force.

Tips from Korean Monks

Monks often advise beginners to start with short sessions (10–15 minutes), then gradually increase to 30 or 40 minutes. Consistency is more valuable than intensity. Some temples recommend meditating at dawn and dusk, aligning with natural cycles.

Continue reading: Understanding Hwadu Practice in Korean Seon Meditation

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